Newell et al(2009)`s BPL model suggests that warm-up decrement on short time scale is at work during the rest period after a practice session. The amount of warm-up decrement depends on the length of rest period. The purpose of the present study was to test the prediction of BPL model on the effect of length of rest period. Specifically, we examined how the sleep during the rest period influenced warm-up decrement in a practice of a golf putting skill. Twenty-four participants were asked to putt the ball as close to the target as possible. The performance score represented actual distance (in cm) from the target. Participants putted 75 balls in the practice phase and 15 balls in the test phase. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two test groups according to sleep during 12-hr rest period. In the sleep group subjects practiced a practice session at 9 p.m. and were tested at 9 a.m. next day. The no sleep group performed a practice session at 9 a.m. and was tested at 9 p.m. The no sleep group revealed significant performance decrement at the test phase. However, the sleep group did not show significant warm-up decrement. These results suggest that a significant warm-up decrement effect is determined by the awake rest period not by the overall rest duration. The sleep included during the rest period appears to takes a role in reducing warm-up decrement by providing a memory consolidation effect.

The objective of this study is to determine the mechanism of perception and motion control. For this, two experiments were performed under two research tasks. aims to examine the differences of the process of acquiring information between perception and motion performance by using Muller-Lyer Illusion, and to determine the characteristics of perception and motion control through behavioral characteristics shown from tasks of aiming and catching. In order to achieve the study objective, 15 university students participated in the experiment. Every subject performed the task of perception/judgement in which they see and perceive figures shown on the screen and then show the size of the disappeared figures with a thumb and index finger, the task of catching in which they should catch the figure on the screen with two fingers and the task of aiming in which they should move the end of the figure quickly. For the experiment, we used the wireless eye movement tracing equipment(EMR-9), 3D motion analysis system3(OPTPTRAC3020) and screen. In order to examine the differences of the process of acquiring information for perception and motion performance with such variables, the one-way ANOVA with repetition was conducted. The conclusion based on such study methods and analysis results is like below. When it was perceived differently from the actual size of Muller-Lyer illusion, first, different perception for the task of catching had influence on performing motion and a factor like the biggest grip size. This means that it is same as the theory that perception and motion coincide with each other. With the control figure, second, the size of the wing out figure was perceived as 2cm bigger in the task of perception/judgement while the sizes of the wing out and wing in figures were same in the task of catching. This means that the result is close to separativeness between perception and motion. Based on the results, the mechanism of perception and motion control has interactions in inferior temporal cortex and posterior parietal cortex, rather than the concept of association and separativeness.

This study investigated the mediating role of identity in the relationship between passion and task engagement among dance students. Participants were 457 female university students. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis were conducted. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that Passion for dance and identity explained approximately 40% of the variance of task engagement. Identity partially mediated the relationships between harmonious passion and task engagement. In contrast, Identity fully mediated the relationships between obsessive passion for dance and task engagement. Results of multi-group analyses indicated that the form of structural model, structural covariance, and structural residuals across two groups were invariant, but structural weights were variant. The Findings show that students high in obsessive passion for dance may experience more identity and greater task engagement than students with harmonious passion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of ego-resilience on dance satisfaction and dance adherence intention of high school and college students majoring in dance. Also the structural relation between ego-resilience, dance satisfaction, and dance adherence intention were verified. A total of 377 female students(high school of arts and college) participated in this research. Through a preliminary investigation, the understanding level of the content and vocabulary were investigated. In addition, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and reliability test were conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the measurement tools. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis. The conclusions of this study based on the results are as follows: First, ego-resiliency had positive effect on dance satisfaction and dance adherence intention. Second, the results indicated that dance satisfaction was meaningful mediator between ego-resiliency and dance adherence intention. Last, the results of multi-group analysis revealed that the paths between ego-resiliency and dance adherence intention were not invariant for major.

The purpose of this study was to explain intention-behavior discrepancy with exercise constraints factor which cannot be explained solely with theory of planned behavior(TPB). Data related to TPB and exercise constraints were collected from 319 university students who participated in university physical activity class and multi-group were conducted to verify the research question. As a result from analysis, there was statistical relationship between exercise constraints and effects of perceived behavioral control for exercise participation. This result means that without considering exercise constraint, it is possible to see intention-behavior discrepancy. The result of this study showed that it was possible to see intention-behavior discrepancy if only measurement error was considered without exercise constraint.

This study is that the concept of ego-resilience of the athlete exploring structured, and through the validation, ego-resilience of athlete aims to develop measur ement tools. In order to develop a measurement tool of ego-resilience of athletes to target 89 people of K University in Seoul an open survey was conducted, and collection the data through the survey is that according to the similarity of the contents that the raw data to the details area, and detail area was the general area of inductive categorization. Inductive categorization results, ego-resilience of athlete was categorized to the six factors as social support, expectations, motives, emotions, intervention strategies, and the ability. Based on the detail areas categorized of six factors, university player 110 people to athlete`s ego-resilience measurement tool for the development of a preliminary survey was conducted, and conduct a survey to 223 college players in order to explore the structure of the concept of athlete`s ego-resilience, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Through the exploratory factor analysis, ego-resilience of athlete was structured to the five factors as social support, expectations, motives, intervention strategies, and the ability. For the verify conformance of the structure of the five factors derived through exploratory factor analysis, conduct a survey of 312 people university athletes, the confirmatory factor analysis and validity were analyzed, and athlete`s ego-resilience measurement tool was consisted of fourteen questions for the final five factors, and this measurement tool was recognized strongly convergent validity and discriminant validity.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Acceptance Commitment Therapy(ACT) on stress of high school female archers. The ACT is a new treatment approach that focus mindfulness, and it is classified as the third wave in the cognitive behavior therapy. While traditional psychological skill training based approaches posit that thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations must be controlled or replaced to psychological stability, ACT suggests that efforts to control or change these internal experiences may actually have the paradoxical effect. The present study evaluated a 8-week ACT designed specifically for high school female archers with stress. The uBioClip program was used to measure stress. And Exercise Stress scale, AAQ, CAMS-R were administerd baseline, intervention, and follow-up the ACT. Four single ABA design case studies were utilized, with time series data analysed using SMA, and likert scale data analysed using RCI. The results of this study were as follows. ACT revealed significant meaningful improvements on stress, acceptance and action, mindfulness. finally, the implications and the limitations of this study, and the suggestions for study were also discussed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of boxing athletes` self-efficacy and cognitive appraisals on emotional states in a pre-competition. Participants were 168 adolescent boxing athletes and completed a set of questionnaires (self-efficacy, cognitive appraisals, and sport emotion). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results of regression analyses indicated that athletes` self-efficacy of competition reduced anxiety emotion and facilitated pleasant emotion state (excitement and happiness), whereas threat appraisal activated athletes` dejection state. In addition, athletes` self-efficacy facilitated anxiety emotion. These findings suggest that athletes` self-efficacy might contribute to facilitate excitement, happiness, and anxiety in comparison with cognitive appraisals, and were discussed with the function of discrete emotions.

This study was to explore the sport talents perspectives for sport talented and analyze the hierarchical importance of sport talents among sport talented. In order to explore the sport talents and evaluate hierarchical importance of sport talents 11 sport talenteds (Olympic Games, Asian Games, World Championship, and Universiad: Gold or silver or bronze medalist) responded to analytic hierarchy process questionnaires. As the results, the hierarchical importance order of sport talents factors was psychological intelligence, competition intelligence, and physical intelligence. The hierarchical importance order of psychological intelligence was a sense of purpose, mental toughness, effort, and passion. The hierarchical importance order of competition intelligence was practical intelligence, learning ability, creative intelligence, and analytical intelligence. The hierarchical importance order of physical intelligence was motor fitness, fitness, motor skills, and physical condition. Overall the relative importance of sport talents was evaluated by sense of purpose, mental toughness, effort, practical intelligence, motor fitness, fitness, motor skills, passion, physical condition, learning ability, creative intelligence, and analytical intelligence hierarchical importance order.

This study analyzed how psychological training for men`s national gymnastics team members solved psychological anxiety through gymnastic competitive state anxiety and performance strategies and how it had influence on performance. Questionnaires for competitive state anxiety, psychological training, and Korean version performance strategy were used for five men`s national gymnastic team members who participated in the London Olympics 2012 in order to conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses on an awareness of psychological training and changes of performance before and after psychological training. As a result, psychological training gradually decreased competitive state anxiety of men`s national gymnastics team members and had positive influence on performance strategies. This shows that psychological training may play an important role in gymnastic competitive state anxiety and performance strategies. Men`s national gymnastics team members could find ways to decrease gymnastic competitive state anxiety and to improve performance strategies through psychological training. It is expected to find a way to maximize performance.